1. What are some of the benefits of organic farming compared to conventional farming in Arkansas?
Organic farming in Arkansas offers several benefits compared to conventional farming practices. 1. Organic farming promotes soil health and fertility by utilizing natural methods such as crop rotation, composting, and cover cropping, which help to maintain soil structure and nutrient levels over time. This improves long-term sustainability and reduces the risk of soil degradation and erosion. 2. Organic farming also eliminates the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, reducing chemical runoff into waterways and minimizing harm to surrounding ecosystems. This practice helps to protect water quality and biodiversity in Arkansas. 3. Additionally, organic farming typically results in lower greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption compared to conventional agriculture, contributing to environmental conservation and climate change mitigation efforts in the state. Overall, the shift towards organic farming in Arkansas can lead to a more resilient and environmentally friendly agricultural system.
2. What are the key organic farming practices that are most commonly used by farmers in Arkansas?
In Arkansas, some key organic farming practices commonly used by farmers include:
1. Crop Rotation: Farmers in Arkansas often rotate crops to improve soil health and reduce pest and disease pressure. A diverse crop rotation system can help maintain soil fertility and structure, as well as minimize the buildup of pests and diseases specific to certain crops.
2. Cover Cropping: Many organic farmers in Arkansas use cover crops such as legumes or grasses to protect and improve soil health during fallow periods. Cover crops help prevent erosion, suppress weeds, and add organic matter to the soil, enhancing its overall quality and fertility.
3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Organic farmers in Arkansas rely on IPM strategies to manage pests and diseases in a sustainable manner. This approach involves utilizing cultural practices, beneficial insects, trap crops, and other methods to control pests while minimizing the use of synthetic pesticides.
4. Composting: Organic farmers in Arkansas compost organic materials such as crop residues, manure, and kitchen scraps to create nutrient-rich soil amendments. Compost improves soil structure, fertility, and microbial activity, promoting healthy plant growth while reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
5. Conservation Tillage: Some organic farmers in Arkansas practice conservation tillage techniques, such as no-till or reduced tillage, to minimize soil disturbance and erosion. These practices help preserve soil structure and organic matter, enhance water infiltration, and reduce the carbon footprint of farming operations.
Overall, these key organic farming practices are essential for sustainable agriculture in Arkansas, promoting soil health, biodiversity, and environmental stewardship while producing high-quality organic crops.
3. How does the climate and soil conditions in Arkansas impact the success of organic farming?
The climate and soil conditions in Arkansas play a crucial role in determining the success of organic farming in the state. Here are some ways in which these factors impact organic farming:
1. Climate: Arkansas has a humid subtropical climate, characterized by hot and humid summers and mild winters. This climate can be both beneficial and challenging for organic farming. The long growing season allows for a variety of crops to be cultivated, but the high humidity can also lead to increased pest and disease pressures. Organic farmers in Arkansas need to carefully manage these challenges through practices such as crop rotation, intercropping, and the use of organic pest control methods.
2. Soil Conditions: The soil in Arkansas varies across the state, with different regions having different soil types such as sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam. The fertility and structure of the soil are key factors in determining the success of organic farming. Organic farmers need to focus on building and maintaining healthy soil through practices such as cover cropping, composting, and crop rotation. This helps improve soil quality, water retention, and nutrient availability, which are essential for growing healthy organic crops.
Overall, organic farmers in Arkansas need to carefully consider the climate and soil conditions of their specific region to optimize their farming practices and ensure the success of their organic operations. By understanding and working with these environmental factors, organic farmers can create sustainable and productive farming systems in Arkansas.
4. What are some of the common challenges faced by organic farmers in Arkansas?
1. Pest and Disease Management: One of the common challenges faced by organic farmers in Arkansas is effectively managing pests and diseases without the use of synthetic pesticides. Organic farmers rely on cultural practices, biological controls, and crop rotations to protect their crops, but these methods can be labor-intensive and may not always provide full protection against pests and diseases.
2. Weed Control: Organic farmers also struggle with weed management as they cannot use synthetic herbicides. Controlling weeds organically typically involves mulching, hand-weeding, and using cover crops, which can be time-consuming and may not always be as effective as chemical herbicides.
3. Soil Fertility: Maintaining soil fertility without the use of synthetic fertilizers is another challenge for organic farmers in Arkansas. They have to rely on natural sources of nutrients such as compost, manure, and cover crops to enrich the soil and provide adequate nutrition for their crops. Balancing soil fertility levels can be tricky and may require regular soil testing and adjustments.
4. Market Access and Pricing: Organic farmers often face challenges in accessing markets that value organic produce and are willing to pay a premium for it. Finding and maintaining relationships with consumers, retailers, and distributors who appreciate the value of organic farming practices can be a struggle. Additionally, the pricing of organic products can be volatile, and organic farmers may have to navigate fluctuations in market demand and prices.
Overall, while organic farming in Arkansas offers numerous benefits such as environmental sustainability and health benefits, organic farmers in the state must contend with various challenges in pest management, weed control, soil fertility, and market access to successfully sustain their operations and livelihoods.
5. How does the organic certification process work in Arkansas?
In Arkansas, the organic certification process is overseen by the Arkansas Department of Agriculture’s Organic Certification Program. Farmers and producers seeking organic certification must first submit an application to the program, providing detailed information about their operation, including the types of crops or products grown, as well as their organic farming practices.
The certification process typically involves several steps:
1. Application Review: The program reviews the initial application to ensure that the farm meets the necessary criteria for organic certification.
2. On-Site Inspection: A representative from the program conducts an on-site inspection of the farm to verify that organic standards are being met. This includes examining the cultivation practices, soil health, pest management strategies, and record-keeping systems.
3. Documentation Review: Farmers are required to maintain detailed records of their farming practices, inputs used, and sources of organic seeds or planting materials. These records are reviewed as part of the certification process.
4. Certification Decision: Based on the application, on-site inspection, and documentation review, the program makes a decision on whether to grant organic certification to the farm. If approved, the producer is issued a certificate indicating their compliance with organic standards.
5. Annual Renewal: Organic certification is typically valid for one year, after which farmers must undergo a renewal process to maintain their certification. This involves submitting updated information on farming practices and undergoing another inspection to ensure ongoing compliance with organic standards.
Overall, the organic certification process in Arkansas follows the guidelines set forth by the USDA National Organic Program, ensuring that organic producers in the state adhere to strict standards for organic farming practices.
6. What resources and support are available to organic farmers in Arkansas?
Organic farmers in Arkansas have access to a variety of resources and support to help them succeed in their farming practices. Some of the key resources available include:
1. Arkansas Department of Agriculture (ADA): The ADA offers various programs and services to support organic farmers, including certification assistance, technical support, and educational resources.
2. University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service: This institution provides organic farmers with research-based information, workshops, and training programs to help them improve their practices and stay updated on the latest trends in organic agriculture.
3. Local Organic Farming Associations: There are several local organizations and associations in Arkansas that focus on supporting organic farmers, providing networking opportunities, marketing assistance, and advocacy efforts on behalf of organic farming interests.
4. Financial Assistance Programs: Organic farmers in Arkansas may be eligible for various financial assistance programs offered by the state government, federal government, or non-profit organizations to help them cover the costs of certification, infrastructure improvements, or sustainable farming practices.
5. Organic Certification Agencies: There are several accredited organic certification agencies in Arkansas that can help organic farmers navigate the certification process and meet the requirements for organic certification.
Overall, organic farmers in Arkansas have a supportive network of resources available to them to help them succeed and thrive in the organic farming industry. By taking advantage of these resources and support systems, organic farmers can enhance the sustainability and profitability of their operations.
7. What are some of the best crops to grow using organic farming methods in Arkansas?
Some of the best crops to grow using organic farming methods in Arkansas include:
1. Tomatoes: Arkansas’s warm and humid climate is suitable for growing tomatoes organically. They thrive in well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight, making them a popular choice for organic farmers in the state.
2. Peppers: Bell peppers, chili peppers, and other varieties of peppers can be successfully grown using organic methods in Arkansas. They require a warm climate and well-drained soil, making them well-suited to the region.
3. Blueberries: Blueberries are a high-value crop that can be grown organically in Arkansas. They prefer acidic soil and thrive in the state’s humid climate, making them a good choice for organic farmers looking to diversify their crops.
4. Squash: Summer squash and winter squash varieties can be grown organically in Arkansas. They are relatively easy to cultivate and can be a profitable crop for organic farmers in the state.
5. Sweet Potatoes: Sweet potatoes are well-suited to organic farming methods in Arkansas. They require little maintenance and are highly nutritious, making them a popular choice for organic farmers looking to provide a staple crop for their community.
These are just a few examples of crops that can be successfully grown using organic methods in Arkansas. Organic farming practices prioritize soil health, biodiversity, and ecological balance, making them well-suited to the diverse agricultural landscape of the state. By choosing the right crops and implementing sustainable farming practices, organic farmers in Arkansas can produce high-quality, nutritious produce while minimizing their impact on the environment.
8. How can organic farmers in Arkansas manage pests and diseases without synthetic chemicals?
Organic farmers in Arkansas can effectively manage pests and diseases without synthetic chemicals through a combination of cultural practices, biological controls, and physical barriers:
1. Crop rotation: Rotating crops helps disrupt pest life cycles, reducing their populations naturally.
2. Beneficial insects: Introducing predatory insects like ladybugs or lacewings can help control pest populations.
3. Trap crops: Planting specific crops to attract pests away from main crops can help protect valuable plants.
4. Cover cropping: Planting cover crops helps improve soil health and biodiversity, reducing the prevalence of pests and diseases.
5. Mulching: Mulching can help suppress weeds and create a barrier against pests and diseases.
6. Companion planting: Planting certain crops together can help deter pests and attract beneficial insects.
7. Natural pesticides: Organic farmers can use natural substances like neem oil, garlic spray, or insecticidal soaps to manage pest infestations.
8. Monitoring and scouting: Regularly inspecting crops for signs of pests or diseases can help farmers catch issues early and take appropriate action. By implementing these organic pest and disease management strategies, farmers in Arkansas can maintain healthy crops without relying on synthetic chemicals.
9. What are the regulations and guidelines that organic farmers in Arkansas need to adhere to?
Organic farmers in Arkansas need to adhere to specific regulations and guidelines to maintain their organic certification and ensure the integrity of their organic products. Some key regulations and guidelines that organic farmers in Arkansas need to follow include:
1. USDA Organic Standards: Organic farmers in Arkansas must adhere to the USDA organic standards, which outline the criteria for organic farming practices, including soil and crop management, pest and weed control, and livestock husbandry.
2. Certification Process: Organic farmers in Arkansas need to undergo a certification process through a USDA-accredited certifying agency to verify that their farm meets the organic standards. This process involves submitting an organic system plan, on-site inspections, and record-keeping requirements.
3. Prohibited Substances: Organic farmers in Arkansas are not allowed to use synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in their farming practices. They must use organic inputs and methods for pest control, soil fertility, and crop production.
4. Record-Keeping: Organic farmers in Arkansas are required to maintain detailed records of their farming practices, inputs used, crop yields, and sales. These records are essential for maintaining organic certification and ensuring compliance with organic standards.
5. Labeling and Marketing: Organic farmers in Arkansas must follow specific guidelines for labeling their products as organic and marketing them to consumers. They are not allowed to use the term “organic” unless their products are certified organic by a USDA-accredited certifying agency.
By following these regulations and guidelines, organic farmers in Arkansas can ensure that their products meet the organic standards and provide consumers with high-quality, sustainable, and environmentally friendly organic products.
10. How does organic farming contribute to conservation and sustainability efforts in Arkansas?
Organic farming in Arkansas plays a significant role in contributing to conservation and sustainability efforts in the state in several ways:
1. Preservation of Soil Health: Organic farming practices emphasize the use of natural fertilizers, crop rotation, and cover crops to maintain soil fertility and structure. This helps to reduce soil erosion and degradation, preserving the quality and health of the soil for future generations.
2. Reduction of Chemical Inputs: Organic farmers in Arkansas avoid the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which can contaminate water sources and harm wildlife. By opting for natural alternatives and integrated pest management strategies, organic farming helps to mitigate environmental pollution and protect biodiversity.
3. Water Conservation: Organic farming methods such as mulching, drip irrigation, and water-efficient crop varieties help to conserve water resources in Arkansas. By promoting water stewardship practices, organic farmers contribute to sustainable water management and reduce the risk of water scarcity in the state.
4. Support for Wildlife Habitats: Organic farms in Arkansas often provide diverse habitats for beneficial insects, birds, and other wildlife species. By avoiding chemical inputs and promoting biodiversity through hedgerows, buffer zones, and wildlife-friendly practices, organic farming supports ecosystem health and conservation efforts.
Overall, organic farming in Arkansas plays a crucial role in promoting conservation and sustainability by protecting soil health, reducing chemical inputs, conserving water resources, and supporting wildlife habitats. By adopting environmentally friendly practices, organic farmers contribute to a more sustainable agricultural system that benefits both the environment and local communities.
11. What are some of the marketing strategies that organic farmers in Arkansas can use to sell their products?
Organic farmers in Arkansas can employ several marketing strategies to effectively sell their products in the competitive market. Firstly, they can capitalize on the rising consumer demand for organic products by highlighting the health and environmental benefits of organic farming through educational campaigns and labeling. Second, partnering with local retailers, farmer’s markets, and organic grocery stores can help reach a wider customer base and establish a direct connection with consumers. Third, participating in community-supported agriculture (CSA) programs can provide a steady source of income and loyal customer base. Fourth, utilizing social media platforms and creating an online presence can help in reaching a larger audience and promoting their organic products. Fifth, obtaining organic certifications from reputable organizations can enhance the credibility of their products and attract more discerning consumers. By incorporating these marketing strategies, organic farmers in Arkansas can increase visibility, consumer trust, and sales of their organic products.
12. How does organic farming impact wildlife and biodiversity in Arkansas?
Organic farming practices have a positive impact on wildlife and biodiversity in Arkansas in several ways:
1. Reduced Chemical Usage: Organic farming prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which can harm wildlife populations and disrupt ecological balance. By avoiding these chemicals, organic farmers help maintain a healthier environment for native species to thrive.
2. Habitat Preservation: Organic farms often incorporate diverse cropping systems, cover crops, and hedgerows, which provide habitats for a variety of wildlife species such as birds, insects, and small mammals. These habitat features help support biodiversity by creating food sources and shelter for a range of species.
3. Soil Health: Organic farming practices prioritize soil health through techniques like crop rotation, composting, and minimal tillage. Healthy soil supports a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, insects, and other organisms that are essential for maintaining biodiversity on the farm and in surrounding areas.
4. Water Quality: Organic farming practices promote the use of natural fertilizers and crop management techniques that reduce nutrient runoff and pollution of waterways. By protecting water quality, organic farming helps preserve aquatic habitats and the wildlife that depend on them.
Overall, organic farming in Arkansas plays a significant role in supporting wildlife and biodiversity by minimizing negative impacts on ecosystems and promoting sustainable agricultural practices that benefit both the environment and native species.
13. What are the financial implications of transitioning to organic farming in Arkansas?
Transitioning to organic farming in Arkansas can have both financial challenges and benefits. Here are some key financial implications to consider:
1. Initial Costs: Transitioning to organic farming often requires significant upfront investments. Farmers may need to invest in new equipment, organic seeds, organic fertilizers, and organic pest control methods. These initial costs can be a barrier for some farmers, especially smaller-scale operations.
2. Certification Fees: In order to market their products as organic, farmers must obtain organic certification from a USDA-accredited certifying agency. There are fees associated with the certification process, which can vary depending on the size of the operation.
3. Reduced Input Costs: One of the financial benefits of organic farming is the potential for reduced input costs over time. Organic farming practices can help improve soil health and fertility, reducing the need for expensive chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
4. Premium Prices: Organic products often command higher prices in the market due to the perceived health and environmental benefits. By transitioning to organic farming, farmers in Arkansas may be able to capture some of this premium and increase their profitability.
5. Market Access: Transitioning to organic farming can open up new market opportunities, such as selling to organic grocery stores, restaurants, and direct-to-consumer channels like farmers’ markets. However, it may take time to establish these new market relationships and build a customer base.
Overall, while transitioning to organic farming in Arkansas may involve initial financial challenges, the potential for reduced input costs, premium prices, and market access can make it a financially viable option in the long run. Farmers considering the transition should carefully evaluate the costs and benefits to make an informed decision.
14. How can organic farmers in Arkansas improve soil health and fertility?
Organic farmers in Arkansas can improve soil health and fertility through various practices:
1. Implementing crop rotation: Rotating different crop species helps break pest cycles, improves soil structure, and enhances the soil’s nutrient profile.
2. Utilizing cover crops: Planting cover crops such as legumes or grasses during the off-season helps prevent soil erosion, add organic matter to the soil, and increase nutrient availability.
3. Composting: Organic farmers can create compost from farm waste and organic materials, which can then be added back to the soil to improve its fertility and structure.
4. Avoiding synthetic chemicals: Organic farmers should refrain from using synthetic pesticides and fertilizers that can negatively impact soil health in the long run.
5. Mulching: Applying organic mulch on the soil surface helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure over time.
6. Incorporating livestock: Introducing livestock into the farming system can contribute to soil fertility through the addition of manure, which is a valuable source of organic matter and nutrients.
By implementing these practices and techniques, organic farmers in Arkansas can improve soil health and fertility, leading to sustainable agricultural production and long-term environmental benefits.
15. What are some of the research and innovation initiatives in organic farming taking place in Arkansas?
1. The University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture has been actively involved in several research and innovation initiatives in organic farming in the state. They have established the Certified Organic Research Farm in Fayetteville, where studies are conducted on organic crop production, pest management, soil health, and other relevant topics.
2. The National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) is another organization that is promoting organic farming practices in Arkansas. They offer workshops, training sessions, and resources for farmers looking to transition to organic production methods.
3. The Arkansas Natural Resources Commission (ANRC) has also been supporting organic farming initiatives through funding opportunities, technical assistance, and educational programs for farmers across the state.
4. Additionally, local farmer-led initiatives and cooperatives are working to promote sustainable and organic farming practices in Arkansas. These grassroots efforts play a crucial role in furthering the adoption of organic agriculture in the state.
Overall, Arkansas is seeing a growing interest in organic farming, with various organizations, institutions, and individuals working together to promote research, innovation, and sustainable practices in the field.
16. How do organic farmers in Arkansas manage weeds without herbicides?
Organic farmers in Arkansas employ various practices to manage weeds without the use of herbicides:
1. Crop rotation: Rotating different crops helps disrupt the life cycles of weeds, making it harder for them to establish and spread.
2. Mulching: Mulching with organic materials such as straw, wood chips, or compost helps suppress weed growth by blocking sunlight and providing a barrier for weed germination.
3. Hand weeding: Labor-intensive but effective, hand weeding involves physically removing weeds by hand or using tools like hoes or weeders.
4. Cover cropping: Planting cover crops helps smother weeds, improve soil health, and compete for resources, reducing weed growth.
5. Mechanical cultivation: Tools such as tractor-mounted cultivators or hand-operated hoes can be used for mechanical weed control, disrupting weed growth without chemicals.
These practices, along with proper crop planning and maintenance, help organic farmers in Arkansas effectively manage weeds without relying on herbicides.
17. What are some successful case studies of organic farms in Arkansas?
1. Cove Creek Gardens: Located in Leslie, Cove Creek Gardens is a successful organic farm in Arkansas that focuses on sustainable agriculture practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and natural pest management. They have been able to increase their yield while maintaining the health of their soil and ecosystem.
2. Dripping Springs Garden: Situated in Huntsville, Dripping Springs Garden is another notable organic farm in Arkansas known for its commitment to biodiversity and regenerative farming techniques. By utilizing permaculture principles and incorporating livestock into their operation, they have been able to create a thriving and resilient agricultural system.
3. Cedar Rock Acres: Based in Mountain View, Cedar Rock Acres is a family-owned organic farm that specializes in heirloom vegetables and pasture-raised meats. Through a combination of organic certification, direct marketing, and community engagement, they have been able to build a successful and sustainable business model.
These case studies demonstrate the potential for organic farming in Arkansas and showcase the diverse approaches that farmers in the state are taking to cultivate healthy and productive agricultural systems.
18. What are the key differences between organic farming and sustainable agriculture in Arkansas?
Organic farming and sustainable agriculture share similar goals of promoting environmentally friendly and socially responsible practices, but there are key differences between the two approaches in Arkansas:
1. Certification: Organic farming in Arkansas follows strict guidelines set by the USDA’s National Organic Program to be certified as organic. This includes requirements for soil health, crop rotation, and the disallowance of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Sustainable agriculture, on the other hand, does not require organic certification but focuses on overall environmental stewardship and conservation practices that promote long-term sustainability.
2. Focus on Inputs: Organic farming places a strong emphasis on reducing reliance on synthetic inputs and promoting natural alternatives like compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control. Sustainable agriculture in Arkansas may incorporate some organic practices but also considers a broader range of techniques such as conservation tillage, cover cropping, and integrated pest management to minimize environmental impact.
3. Local Context: Sustainable agriculture in Arkansas often takes into account the specific needs and challenges of the local environment and community. This could involve practices tailored to the region’s climate, soil types, and water resources, as well as partnerships with local producers and stakeholders to promote economic viability and social equity.
Overall, while organic farming is a specific set of practices and standards within sustainable agriculture, sustainable agriculture in Arkansas encompasses a wider range of approaches that aim to balance environmental health, economic viability, and social responsibility in the context of the local agricultural landscape. Both organic farming and sustainable agriculture play important roles in promoting more regenerative and resilient food systems in Arkansas and beyond.
19. How can organic farmers in Arkansas mitigate the risks associated with climate change?
Organic farmers in Arkansas can take several measures to mitigate the risks associated with climate change:
1. Diversifying crops: Organic farmers can grow a variety of crops that are resilient to different climatic conditions. By diversifying their crop selection, they can reduce the impact of extreme weather events on their overall production.
2. Incorporating agroforestry practices: Agroforestry involves integrating trees and shrubs into agricultural systems, which can help improve soil health, water retention, and overall resilience to climate change.
3. Implementing water conservation techniques: Organic farmers can utilize water conservation techniques such as rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation, and mulching to ensure efficient use of water resources, especially during periods of drought.
4. Building healthy soil: Healthy soil is essential for mitigating the impacts of climate change on crop production. Organic farmers can implement practices such as cover cropping, composting, and crop rotation to improve soil structure and fertility.
5. Adopting climate-smart farming practices: Organic farmers can implement climate-smart farming practices such as conservation tillage, integrated pest management, and crop rotation to build resilience to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
By implementing these strategies, organic farmers in Arkansas can work towards mitigating the risks associated with climate change and ensuring the long-term sustainability of their farming operations.
20. What are the long-term benefits of practicing organic farming in Arkansas for both farmers and the environment?
Practicing organic farming in Arkansas offers several long-term benefits for both farmers and the environment.
1. Soil Health: Organic farming practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and composting help improve soil health by increasing organic matter content, promoting biodiversity, and enhancing soil structure and fertility. This, in turn, leads to better water retention, reduced erosion, and overall healthier soils for sustainable agriculture in the long term.
2. Environmental Conservation: Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which helps prevent water contamination, soil degradation, and the loss of biodiversity. By promoting natural methods of pest control and nutrient management, organic farming contributes to the conservation of ecosystems and wildlife habitats in Arkansas.
3. Resilience to Climate Change: Organic farming systems are often more resilient to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events, droughts, and flooding. By enhancing soil health and biodiversity, organic practices can help mitigate the effects of climate change on agricultural production and ensure long-term food security for farmers in Arkansas.
4. Market Access and Economic Opportunities: The growing consumer demand for organic products presents an economic opportunity for farmers in Arkansas to diversify their income streams and access premium markets. By transitioning to organic farming, farmers can build brand loyalty, improve market competitiveness, and potentially increase their profitability in the long run.
In conclusion, practicing organic farming in Arkansas not only benefits farmers by promoting sustainable agricultural practices and improving soil health but also contributes to environmental conservation, climate change resilience, market access, and economic opportunities in the long term.
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